Wallpaper, also known as wallpapering, is a type of paper that is used in interior decoration and placed on the walls of a room covering them completely or partially.
The wallpaper consists of a stamped or smooth paper surface that sticks to the walls of a room. It usually consists of uniform designs such as stripes or squares or motifs that are repeated so that one roll can be placed next to the other while maintaining visual harmony.
History
,The wallpaper comes from the East and began to arrive in Europe in the 17th century thanks to the trade that was maintained with that part of the world. One of the best oriental examples is exhibited at the Harewood House in the United Kingdom.
Its first success occurred with the Industrial Revolution thanks to the cheapening of its manufacture by mechanization.
Papers have been fashionable at different times during the 20th century. At the beginning of the century, simple, usually floral, motifs proliferated. In the 1930s and 1940s they evolved into geometric drawings. Finally, they reached great popularity during the 1960s and, above all, in the 1970s when they were distributed in a great variety of colors and designs.
At present, it can be said that paper enjoys relative popularity.
You can distinguish different types of wallpaper, 3 that will be used depending on the characteristics of the room you want to decorate.
It consists of a single layer of paper and is placed on the wall with the help of glue.
It has a plastic layer covering the paper that protects it from moisture and makes it easy to clean with a damp cloth.
This type of paper is highly recommended for places exposed to humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms. It is also very useful for nurseries for the convenience of being able to clean them easily.
They are papers with a layer of varnish that protects them, being able to wash, but not as easily as vinyl.
It is used to give a texture to the wall before painting it. It is very useful to cover imperfections of the surface.
It is a very decorative paper but less practical than the previous ones, since they are difficult to clean and to place them you need a special glue.
This is the most comfortable to place, since it carries the glue included in the paper, thus avoiding the most complicated part of the process.
Some vinyl papers are pre-bound, but it is normal that the painter or the owner of the house has to apply glue on the back to fix them to the wall. There are different types of glue:
Cellulose glue, for normal papers.
Vinyl glue, used for vinyl friezes placed on papers of the same material.
Wallpaper is used to cover the walls of a room by saving its doors, windows, chimneys and other fixed structures. It is also placed behind the furniture of the room although they are very heavy and bulky (case of libraries or dressers) as well as radiators.
Sometimes, it applies only to a part of the surface, for example, when a base is created that reaches half height and the rest of the wall is painted in a conventional way or to a single wall of the room. There are also narrow rolls used to place borders around the room, either independently or as a finishing touch to another wallpaper.
The wallpaper can be placed in any room of the house including the kitchen and bathrooms as well as in other spaces such as shops, hotels, restaurants, etc. In addition to its aesthetic usefulness, it can have a functional objective such as disguising an imperfect surface or avoiding chafing and chipping, in the case of children's rooms.
Before placing the wallpaper, it is necessary to prepare the walls on which it is going to act. If they are walls of new work, it is necessary to apply a pre-glue on the plaster. In case of papered walls, it is necessary to lift the previous papers using a decoking material and scraping with scrapers. It is also essential to remove the gotelé, if it exists. In the case of very irregular surfaces, it is advisable to smooth them by inserting putty into the holes or applying plaster in the sunken areas.
The calculation of the number of rolls required is done by dividing the perimeter of the room without counting doors and windows by the length of each roll. Then, multiply by the number of rolls that fit in height (height of the room divided by the width of the roll) taking into account that they have to overflow up and down and waste a part to match the designs.
To glue the wallpaper, proceed as follows. It extends on a smooth surface and half of its surface is gummed. Next, this piece is folded over itself. The operation is repeated with the other half. Then, the cloth is placed on the wall starting from its highest part and extending it downwards.
With the glue brush it is smoothed while removing the air bubbles. It is convenient to leave a small rest on top to cut it. The operation is repeated with the rest of the rolls, always taking care to match the drawings. Finally, the remaining parts are cut using scissors or a blade. It is recommended to start wallpapering on the side of a door or window and follow the perimeter of the room from there.
The wallpaper appeared in China, as a decorative element, approximately two hundred years before Christ. It was rudimentarly produced with rice paper, totally white, so without any kind of decorative detail.
Later, it began to be produced with the vegetal parchment, gaining colors and reasons. The paper paintings were handmade by craftsmen, and then came the decorative wooden stamps, which were soaked in ink to print the drawings. The strips resulting from this work were then glued to the walls, replacing the originals that adorned the palaces of mandaris and wealthy merchants.
Europe came to have more contact with China from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and the wall paper appeared on the European continent by the hands of Arab merchants, who learned from the Chinese their production. It was used to decorate part of the walls, windows and doors, replacing the screens and tapestries.
Up to 1500, there were limited variations of Chinese-themed wallpapers in Europe; hence the term Chineseisserie. With the arrival of Italian Renaissance artists in France, at the invitation of Francis I, came the totally European standards. However, the leaves were still too small and the quality of reproduction medium; all at a very slow pace of production.
In 1630, the first wallpaper factory, Papel-Toutisses, was inaugurated in Roven, France.
In 1675 the French engraver Jean Papillon applied the same principle used in the engraving: the passage of the drawings into blocks of wood, also allowing the use of color without technical restrictions. Colorful and cheap, the wallpapers were used in purses, giving rise to a fashion that definitely became popular in the eighteenth century. At the time, the French royal house was the one that least spared the wallpaper when decorating its palaces: Louis XI ordered angels on blue background of Jean Bourdichon; Louis XV demanded roles influenced by the rococo to Jean Pillement; and Luis XVI abandoned the Chineseisserie, decreeing papers with romantic or classic motifs.
In 1770, a wallpaper and flocking factory was inaugurated in Paris.
In 1870, Juan Zuber installed in the French commune of Rixheim a wall paper factory that worked until 1939, in which dye printing techniques were perfected. The Zuber factory also launched the first roll with more than four linear meters of ready-to-use wallpaper.
"Artichoke" Wallpaper, from John Henry Dearle to William Morris & Co., 1897 (Victoria and Albert Museum).
In 1634, England began its production in Cambridge. The first multicolored papers were printed in 1750. In 1783 the so-called Royal Manufactory employed about four hundred artisans. The Chippendale, inspired by the French rococo, became the best-selling and sought-after paper in London, but it was very varied. In 1814 came the printing machine, created by Konig, innovating and improving the papermaking process. Konig's machine accurately sprinkled cotton and silk fibers on the still fresh paint, resulting in transparency and overlapping with embossed patterns. Thus came the so-called flock. Queen Victoria had the walls of Hampton Court lined with the flock for her honeymoon with Prince Albert.
The progressive industrialization ended up causing a fall in the artistic quality. William Morris, founder of the Arts & crafts movement, favored a return to craftsmanship, elevating artisans to artists and thus avoiding cheap industrial manufacture of decorative arts and architecture. Morris would take advantage of the cheerful and floral patterns of the chintze (a fabric used in curtains and furniture covers) by applying them to the paper. The results were so bad that today the English use the expression chintzy to refer to everything that is in bad taste.
The mix between patterns and brackets drove the industry, which Morris fought, to throw the paper for children and the washable. English firms of the time, such as Jeffrey and Company or Shand Kydd, became famous.
In Brazil, wallpaper appeared due to strong European immigration in the late nineteenth century. However, until 1930, the import of this product was small, due to the high costs, and then forgotten for years. In 1960, with the modernization of Brazilian industry and with the reduction of costs, paper became a popular decorative wall covering.
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The Drapes are moving parts that
cover the windows inside the buildings. They are made mainly of
brightly colored fabrics and some dark ones. Its main function is to
totally or partially prevent the passage of light and visibility from
the outside. They can also be used behind an access door.
The
Drapes are placed in any room that has windows or windows, but
especially in the bedrooms to remove light at the time of sleep. If
they are very thin and let light in, they are called Drapes. Also, an
important detail is that they serve to not allow the access of the
cold, because at the moment of cold currents or rains, the glass
(conductor) allows the cooling and this happens to the environment
lowering the temperatures.
History
At the
beginning of the 18th century, in Europe, classicism spreads:
symmetry and moderation. In the furniture, Drapes and blinds should
be not only one color, but they should be made of the same material.
A new element of the decoration are galleries, which tie the Drapes
from above.
And in modern times the interior decoration plays
a very important role in creating the image of the house. You can use
a wide selection of materials, colors, textures and cuts to create
different styles, which gives you the freedom of imagination, because
today there is no need to adhere to a single style.
However,
all the same rules must be respected by the art of design, to avoid
disappointment. Therefore, the adequacy of the Drapes, should be
guided not only by the background color of the desk and furniture,
but by the size of the room, the degree of lighting, the view from
the window and the style of the room. When choosing colors, remember
that the color depends on the appearance of the facilities and the
home environment. For example, shades of blue, gray, purple, violet
calm and create a sense of freshness, and red, yellow and orange
provide energy. And, however, the Drapes must be different from the
color of the walls: be lighter or darker to avoid
monotony.
Nowadays, vertical office blinds, roller blinds and
collapsible for home, fiberglass blinds and vegetable fibers are
popular to create ambiences of the Middle East and China.
Types of Drapes
The
Drapes are divided according to their material, drive and functional
quality. Thus we can find Drapes of fabrics, metal Drapes (different
than the blinds as they act in a single structure), automatic Drapes,
rustic Drapes, mechanical, manuals and thermal, acoustic and blackout
Drapes.
Among the most common mechanisms are folding Drapes,
pachetto (folding without rods), roller blinds, vertical blinds,
pleated, Japanese panel and the most common traditional curtain. All
these Drapes can be made to measure or can be purchased in a certain
size in large areas or online stores.
As for the fabric
Drapes, there are many different types: fine, toile, outdoor,
vintage, Indian, and more. Each type of fabric curtain has a
different use and gives a different look to any room. Current types
of Drapes incorporate ultraviolet ray filters for sun protection, and
other technologies to improve thermal insulation.
Maromera Drapes
Another
type of curtain not common in the villages and located at the
entrance of the mansions or establishments to avoid that between the
maromeros, are the Drapes stained. They are made with multiple pieces
of plastic in the shape of a penne macaroni and a wire with hooks
crossing them lengthwise to be able to hook them between them. With
these pieces multiple strips are made to cover the entire entrance.
Roller blinds or roller
blinds
Roller Drapes or blinds are manufactured with an
aluminum tube of different diameters and a winding mechanism with
chain or motor that makes it go up being rolled in said tube. It can
be manufactured in different types of fabric such as screen fabric
that will filter the sun's rays and allow the exterior to be
seen.
Roller blinds are also called Drapes with a roll and
they are made of metal, which is why they are called roller blinds.
But this last type of Drapes is not for decoration, but they are used
to give protection to premises, businesses and in the residential
sector they are usually used in the garages of the vehicles.
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It is one of the options in more versatile and not so expensive trends when planning a small renovation
During the 1980s, wallpaper was one of the star resources in interior design. In recent years it is again booming thanks to the innovative materials used to manufacture the sheets, the various finishes available and the use of more ecological components in their installation. Colorful and modern alike, this one can entirely change a space and print a lot of personality.
Focal points As a coating, it can be used in any area of the house; from the bedrooms and living-dining rooms, to the corridors and even kitchens, previous placement of insulating sheets that protect it from splashes of grease and humidity. The important thing is that it contrasts with the tonalities of the walls, furniture upholstery and other accessories.
Reasons Nowadays it is possible to choose between solid designs in the neutral range, hyperrealistic floral prints, animated with children characters, vertical line classics or limited series made by famous artists for international firms. After selecting the patterns, we must consider the scale of these versus the general dimensions - width by length by depth. As long as the prints are larger, the visuals will fill up faster, creating the feeling of a saturated and much narrower environment than it actually is.
Creative ideas. In addition to the side or bottom walls, the roof, columns and perpendicular beams, as well as visible sections between shelves, closet type vestiers or countertops are less common places where you can use wallpaper.
Previous treatment. To achieve maximum adhesion, and thus ensure that the wallpaper does not bulge or spoil within a few months, walls and other surfaces should be conditioned in advance, particularly if the work is done personally. This includes a dry cleaning to remove traces of dust and cobwebs, repair leaks, leveling and wait for the paint layers to dry completely - at least two weeks.
Experts recommend starting from the center towards the corners, since this way you can adjust the measurements of each strip, shapes and cuts, while the total image is being built. In this way, it is much easier to correct framing errors and not lose inputs.
Although there are specialized studies in the installation of wallpaper in the main capitals, it can also be acquired by rolls or meters in commercial premises.
The tapestries are perfect for decorating all types of walls, and having so much variety in the market you can adjust it to any decorative style. Do you want to know how to hang a tapestry on the wall? Keep reading and take note of the different ways to do it.
When decorating a wall you have a large number of styles and possibilities, all ideal to give a special touch to any environment.
The first thing you have to do is choose the most suitable tapestry, starting with its size. Decide what you want based on whether you need it to cover up imperfections or if it's just for decoration. Opt for designs that have a meaning for you, since you'll see it a lot and that's better than putting something that does not really tell you or contribute anything.
Ideally, it should be a light carpet and the weight should be evenly distributed. If it is heavy, you can hang it on the wall equally but better using a curtain rod.
Sew on the back of the tapes adhesive tapes to be able to stick them on the wall and hang it.
Another method for hanging a tapestry on the wall is by sewing the tape through the upper back. In this case, screw a wooden strip to the wall and then staple the part of the carpet on which you have stuck the tape. Cotton cords are a more reliable alternative to tape.
If you do not want to use any of the above methods, you can frame the tapestry and hang it as if it were a painting.
Important recommendations:
Keep in mind that it is preferable to put the carpet in a place where it does not receive much sun directly, as it would lose color.
Do not put it near humid sites or in areas where steam is generated frequently. It is unthinkable to hang a tapestry in the kitchen or bathroom.
Ideally, it should be between 1.20 and 2 meters away from the ground. If you hang it on a table, sofa or any other piece of furniture, that the distance between the carpet and that element does not exceed 20 centimeters.
Source: Internet.